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587 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
587 lines
17 KiB
Markdown
## 0.必要条件
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在上一篇文章 [02.PVE初始化配置](./02.PVE初始化配置.md) 中,已初始化了 PVE 系统,接下来需要对 PVE 系统进一步调整。
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在 PVE 系统调整之前,请确认必要的软件包已经安装完成,本文后续命令均在 SSH 终端下执行。
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```bash
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## 同步镜像仓库
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$ apt update
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## 安装系统软件
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$ apt install btop lm-sensors unzip neovim tmux unattended-upgrades powermgmt-base
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## 安装网络工具
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$ apt install iperf iperf3 iftop sshguard openvswitch-switch
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## 安装 CPU 调度调整工具
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$ apt install linux-cpupower
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## 根据 CPU 厂商安装 CPU 微码工具
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$ apt install intel-microcode (amd64-microcode)
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## 更新 PCI 数据库
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$ update-pciids
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```
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## 1.系统时区
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如果在安装 PVE 系统时选错了时区,导致系统时间和北京时间不一致,可以执行以下命令修正。
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输出结果如果和北京时间一致,则代表修改正确。
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```bash
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## 修改系统时区
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$ timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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## 检查系统时间
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$ date -R
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#### 系统时间示例输出
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Sun, 25 Jun 2023 12:12:12 +0800
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```
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Debian 系统常用 `systemd-timesyncd.service` 来同步时间,而 PVE 系统使用 `chrony.service` 来同步时间。
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为了使用国内的 NTP 服务器,需要对 `chrony.service` 进行配置,执行以下命令。
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```bash
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## 编辑 chrony 配置文件
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$ nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
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```
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在编辑器对话框中,将 `pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst` “注释” 掉,并添加国内的 NTP 服务器。
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```bash
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## chrony 配置项
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# Use Debian vendor zone.
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# pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst ## 在这行前面增加注释符 # 来注释
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# Use Custom vendor zone.
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pool ntp.tencent.com iburst
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pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst
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```
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保存该配置文件后,需重启 `chrony.service` ,并再次检查系统 NTP 服务器地址。
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```bash
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## 重启 chrony 服务
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$ systemctl restart chrony.service
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## 检查系统 NTP 服务器
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$ chronyc sources -V
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#### 系统 NTP 服务器示例输出
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MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
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===============================================================================
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^+ 106.55.184.199 2 6 17 11 +752us[ +273us] +/- 40ms
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^* 203.107.6.88 2 6 17 11 -1868us[-2348us] +/- 17ms
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```
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## 2. CPU 调度器
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安装 `linux-cpupower` 后,需检查 CPU 当前调度器。
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
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$ cpupower -c all frequency-info
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#### 设备 CPU - J4125 示例输出
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analyzing CPU 0:
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driver: intel_cpufreq
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CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
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CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
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maximum transition latency: 20.0 us
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hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.70 GHz
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available cpufreq governors: conservative ondemand userspace powersave performance schedutil
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current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 2.70 GHz.
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The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
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within this range.
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current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware
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current CPU frequency: 800 MHz (asserted by call to kernel)
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boost state support:
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Supported: yes
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Active: yes
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#### 设备 CPU - N6005 示例输出
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analyzing CPU 0:
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driver: intel_pstate
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CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
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CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
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maximum transition latency: Cannot determine or is not supported.
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hardware limits: 800 MHz - 3.30 GHz
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available cpufreq governors: performance powersave
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current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 3.30 GHz.
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The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use
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within this range.
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current CPU frequency: Unable to call hardware
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current CPU frequency: 2.00 GHz (asserted by call to kernel)
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boost state support:
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Supported: yes
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Active: yes
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```
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这里面主要关注两个点:
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- driver: `intel_cpufreq` 或 `intel_pstate`
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- current policy: `governor "ondemand"` 或 `governor "performance"`
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还有另外一个命令可用来显示 CPU 当前调度器。
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
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$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
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#### 设备 CPU - J4125 示例输出
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ondemand
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#### 设备 CPU - N6005 示例输出
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performance
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```
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CPU 驱动一般不建议手动调整,而 `governor` 后面的参数表示 CPU 当前调度器设置。
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接下来,需要了解 CPU 支持的调度器有哪些,执行以下命令。
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 调度器支持情况
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$ cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
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#### 设备 CPU - J4125 示例输出
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conservative ondemand userspace powersave performance schedutil
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#### 设备 CPU - N6005 示例输出
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performance powersave
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```
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根据 CPU 所使用的驱动不同,可选调度器也不同,至于每种调度器有什么优劣,欢迎大家深度挖掘。
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- CPU 驱动为 `intel_cpufreq` 时,推荐使用 `schedutil` 调度器。
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- CPU 驱动为 `intel_pstate` 时,推荐使用 `powersave` 调度器。
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本文使用 `powersave` 调度器为演示,使用 `nano` 编辑器创建 `cpupower` 的配置文件。
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```bash
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## 创建 cpupower 配置文件
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$ nano /etc/default/cpupower
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```
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在配置文件中修改以下配置项,并保存。
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```bash
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# This configuration file is customized by fox,
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# Optimize system CPU governors.
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CPUPOWER_START_OPTS="frequency-set -g powersave"
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CPUPOWER_STOP_OPTS="frequency-set -g performance"
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```
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使用 `nano` 编辑器创建 `cpupower` 服务配置文件,以满足系统自动化设置需求。
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```bash
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## 创建 cpupower 服务配置文件
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$ nano /etc/systemd/system/cpupower.service
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```
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在服务配置文件中修改以下配置项,并保存。
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```bash
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# This configuration file is customized by fox,
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# Optimize for cpupower systemd service.
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[Unit]
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Description=Apply cpupower configuration
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ConditionVirtualization=!container
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After=syslog.target
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[Service]
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Type=oneshot
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EnvironmentFile=/etc/default/cpupower
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ExecStart=/usr/bin/cpupower $CPUPOWER_START_OPTS
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ExecStop=/usr/bin/cpupower $CPUPOWER_STOP_OPTS
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RemainAfterExit=yes
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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```
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由于修改了服务项,需要执行以下命令进行重载。
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```bash
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## 服务重载
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$ systemctl daemon-reload
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```
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执行以下命令让 `cpupower` 服务开机自启动。
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```bash
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## 设置 cpupower 服务开机自启
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$ systemctl enable cpupower.service
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```
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修改完成后,需重启 PVE 服务器,并再次查看 CPU 调度器,检验配置文件是否生效。
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这里提供两个额外命令,方便实时查看 CPU 当前频率和温度状况。
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```bash
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## 查看 CPU 当前频率
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$ watch cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
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## 查看内部温度
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$ watch -d sensors
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```
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## 3. PVE 定时重启
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有时需要让 PVE 服务器周期性的定时重启,则可执行以下命令。
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参数表示每月 `1` 、 `16` 号的 `02:30` 执行系统重启命令。
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```bash
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## 查看系统定时任务
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$ crontab -l
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## 编辑系统定时任务,编辑器选择 nano
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$ crontab -e
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```
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在配置文件末尾,增加以下配置项。
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```bash
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## 定时任务配置项
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30 2 1,16 * * /usr/sbin/reboot
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```
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## 4. PVE 自动更新
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### 4.1.系统定时器
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配置系统自动更新之前,需检查系统当前定时器状态。
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后续将手动调整该定时器的时间,使其每 `5` 天的 `01:30` 进行触发。
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```bash
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## 检查系统定时器
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$ systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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#### 系统定时器示例输出
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● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Active: active (waiting) since Tue 2023-08-01 13:01:19 CST; 27min ago
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Trigger: Wed 2023-08-02 06:14:50 CST; 16h left
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Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
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Aug 01 13:01:19 node01 systemd[1]: Started apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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```
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### 4.2.配置更新策略
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执行以下命令,启用系统自动更新。
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执行命令后,使用 “左右” 方向键进行选择,“回车” 键进行确认。
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```bash
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## 配置自动更新策略
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$ dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
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## 选择 “是” (“YES”)
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#### 系统自动更新示例输出
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Creating config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades with new version
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```
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进一步调整 `20auto-upgrades` 配置文件。
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```bash
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## 进入 apt 的配置目录
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$ cd /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
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## 编辑 20auto-upgrades 配置文件
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$ nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
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```
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删除里面全部内容,添加以下配置项,并保存。
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配置文件中,用来控制更新周期的参数为 `APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade` ,`5` 表示更新周期为 `5` 天。
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```bash
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## 系统更新周期配置项
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APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
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APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "5";
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APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "1";
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APT::Periodic::CleanInterval "1";
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```
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进一步调整 `50unattended-upgrades` 配置文件。
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```bash
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## 编辑 50unattended-upgrades 配置文件
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$ nano /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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```
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配置文件中,被修改的参数解释如下:
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- 启用了 Debian `bookworm-updates` 相关更新。
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- 增加并启用 PVE 自有仓库的更新。
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- 增加并启用 PVE Ceph 仓库的更新,请按需启用。
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- 自动修复被打断的 Dpkg 安装。
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- 自动移除无用的的内核包。
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- 自动移除因更新而出现的无用依赖包。
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- 自动移除以前的无用依赖包。
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- 自动重启:开启。
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- 自动重启时间:`02:30` 。
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因为该配置文件很长,完整的配置文件可查看 [pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf](./src/pve/pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf) 以便对比。
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```bash
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## 删除以下行前面的注释符 // ,代表启用
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"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-updates";
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## 添加 PVE 系统更新项目
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"origin=Proxmox,codename=${distro_codename},label=Proxmox Debian Repository";
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## 按需添加 PVE Ceph 更新项目
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"origin=Proxmox,codename=${distro_codename},label=Proxmox Ceph Debian Repository";
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## 在配置文件末尾增加以下配置项,代表启用,并调整参数
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Unattended-Upgrade::AutoFixInterruptedDpkg "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Kernel-Packages "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-New-Unused-Dependencies "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "02:30";
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```
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### 4.3.重设触发器
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系统自动更新配置文件修改完成后,需要重设自动更新定时器,执行以下命令。
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完整的配置文件可查看 [pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf](./src/pve/pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf) 以便对比。
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```bash
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## 配置系统定时器
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$ systemctl edit apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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```
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根据配置文件中的提示,在中间空白处填入以下配置项。
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```bash
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## 定时器配置项
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[Timer]
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OnCalendar=
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OnCalendar=01:30
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RandomizedDelaySec=0
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```
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设置完成后,重启自动更新触发器。
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```bash
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## 重启触发器
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$ systemctl restart apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 再次检查触发器状态
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$ systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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#### 系统自动更新触发器示例输出
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● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer.d
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└─override.conf
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Active: active (waiting) since Tue 2023-08-01 13:37:41 CST; 9s ago
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Trigger: Wed 2023-08-02 01:30:00 CST; 11h left
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Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
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Aug 01 13:37:41 node01 systemd[1]: Stopped apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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Aug 01 13:37:41 node01 systemd[1]: Stopping apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities...
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Aug 01 13:37:41 node01 systemd[1]: Started apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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```
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## 5.硬件直通
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### 5.1.修改 Grub
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参考官方文档 [qm_pci_passthrough](https://pve.proxmox.com/pve-docs/pve-admin-guide.html#qm_pci_passthrough) 和 [Pci passthrough](https://pve.proxmox.com/wiki/Pci_passthrough) 开启 PVE 硬件直通功能。
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使用终端工具登录到 PVE 服务器,编辑系统 `Grub` 的配置文件 `/etc/default/grub` 。
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```bash
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## 编辑 Grub 配置文件
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$ nano /etc/default/grub
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```
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在编辑器对话框中修改 `GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT` 参数,注意命令中间的空格。
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```bash
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## Intel 处理器添加参数
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet intel_iommu=on iommu=pt"
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```
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根据官方文档的说明,AMD 处理器下硬件直通功能将会自动打开,否则需要手动修改 `Grub` 配置文件。
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```bash
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## AMD 处理器添加参数
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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet amd_iommu=on iommu=pt"
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```
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修改并保存后,需要更新系统 `Grub` 。
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```bash
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## 更新系统 Grub
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$ update-grub
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```
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### 5.2.添加内核模块
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修改系统 `/etc/modules` 配置文件,增加必要的系统模块。
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```bash
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## 编辑系统配置文件
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$ nano /etc/modules
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```
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在配置文件中添加以下配置项,并保存。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
## 硬件直通配置项
|
||
|
||
vfio
|
||
vfio_iommu_type1
|
||
vfio_pci
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
执行以下命令更新 `initramfs` ,更新完成后,建议重启 PVE 服务器。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
## 更新 initramfs
|
||
$ update-initramfs -u -k all
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 5.3.检查硬件直通
|
||
|
||
PVE 服务器重启完成后,再次使用终端工具登录,并执行以下命令检查硬件直通状态。
|
||
|
||
主要查看 `IOMMU` 、 `Directed I/O` 或 `Interrupt Remapping` 的启用状态。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
## 检查系统硬件直通状态
|
||
$ dmesg | grep -e DMAR -e IOMMU -e AMD-Vi
|
||
|
||
#### 设备 CPU - N6005 示例输出
|
||
[ 0.017937] ACPI: DMAR 0x00000000746C2000 000088 (v02 INTEL EDK2 00000002 01000013)
|
||
[ 0.017965] ACPI: Reserving DMAR table memory at [mem 0x746c2000-0x746c2087]
|
||
[ 0.047812] DMAR: IOMMU enabled
|
||
[ 0.116031] DMAR: Host address width 39
|
||
[ 0.116032] DMAR: DRHD base: 0x000000fed90000 flags: 0x0
|
||
[ 0.116038] DMAR: dmar0: reg_base_addr fed90000 ver 4:0 cap 1c0000c40660462 ecap 49e2ff0505e
|
||
[ 0.116041] DMAR: DRHD base: 0x000000fed91000 flags: 0x1
|
||
[ 0.116046] DMAR: dmar1: reg_base_addr fed91000 ver 1:0 cap d2008c40660462 ecap f050da
|
||
[ 0.116048] DMAR: RMRR base: 0x0000007b800000 end: 0x0000007fbfffff
|
||
[ 0.116051] DMAR-IR: IOAPIC id 2 under DRHD base 0xfed91000 IOMMU 1
|
||
[ 0.116052] DMAR-IR: HPET id 0 under DRHD base 0xfed91000
|
||
[ 0.116053] DMAR-IR: Queued invalidation will be enabled to support x2apic and Intr-remapping.
|
||
[ 0.117774] DMAR-IR: Enabled IRQ remapping in x2apic mode
|
||
[ 1.746431] pci 0000:00:02.0: DMAR: Skip IOMMU disabling for graphics
|
||
[ 2.290116] DMAR: No ATSR found
|
||
[ 2.290117] DMAR: No SATC found
|
||
[ 2.290118] DMAR: IOMMU feature fl1gp_support inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290119] DMAR: IOMMU feature pgsel_inv inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290120] DMAR: IOMMU feature nwfs inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290121] DMAR: IOMMU feature pds inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290122] DMAR: IOMMU feature eafs inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290123] DMAR: IOMMU feature prs inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290123] DMAR: IOMMU feature nest inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290124] DMAR: IOMMU feature mts inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290124] DMAR: IOMMU feature sc_support inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290125] DMAR: IOMMU feature dev_iotlb_support inconsistent
|
||
[ 2.290126] DMAR: dmar0: Using Queued invalidation
|
||
[ 2.290129] DMAR: dmar1: Using Queued invalidation
|
||
[ 2.290568] DMAR: Intel(R) Virtualization Technology for Directed I/O
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
检查系统 `IOMMU` 分组,执行以下命令。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
## 检查 IOMMU group
|
||
$ find /sys/kernel/iommu_groups/ -type l
|
||
|
||
#### 设备 CPU - N6005 示例输出
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/7/devices/0000:00:1c.4
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/15/devices/0000:04:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/5/devices/0000:00:17.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/13/devices/0000:02:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/3/devices/0000:00:15.2
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/3/devices/0000:00:15.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.5
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.3
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/11/devices/0000:00:1f.4
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/1/devices/0000:00:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/8/devices/0000:00:1c.5
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/16/devices/0000:05:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/6/devices/0000:00:1c.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/14/devices/0000:03:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/4/devices/0000:00:16.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/12/devices/0000:01:00.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:14.5
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:14.2
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/2/devices/0000:00:14.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/10/devices/0000:00:1c.7
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/0/devices/0000:00:02.0
|
||
/sys/kernel/iommu_groups/9/devices/0000:00:1c.6
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## 6.系统清理
|
||
|
||
PVE 系统配置完成后,可执行以下命令,对系统进行清理。
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
## 清理系统软件包
|
||
$ apt clean && apt autoclean && apt autoremove --purge
|
||
|
||
## 清理系统缓存
|
||
$ rm -rvf /var/cache/apt/* /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/*
|
||
|
||
## 清理系统日志
|
||
$ find /var/log/ -type f | xargs rm -rvf
|
||
|
||
## 清理命令历史记录文件
|
||
$ rm -rvf ~/.bash_history && history -c
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
至此 PVE 的系统调整已经完成。
|