Archived
370 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
370 lines
12 KiB
Markdown
## 0.必要条件
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在上一篇文章 [02.PVE初始化配置](./02.PVE初始化配置.md) 中,我们已经初始化了 PVE 系统,接下来需要对 PVE 系统进一步调整。
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在 PVE 系统调整之前,请确保必要的软件包已经安装完成。
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```bash
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## 同步镜像仓库
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apt update
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## 安装系统软件
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apt install htop lm-sensors unzip vim tmux unattended-upgrades apt-listchanges powermgmt-base
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## 安装网络工具
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apt install iperf iperf3 iftop ethtool
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## 安装CPU调度调整工具
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apt install cpufrequtils
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## 根据CPU厂商安装CPU微码工具
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apt install intel-microcode (amd64-microcode)
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## 更新 PCI 数据库
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update-pciids
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```
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本文后续命令,均在 SSH 终端下完成。
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## 1.系统时区配置
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如果在安装 PVE 系统时选错了时区,导致系统时间和北京时间不一致,可以使用以下命令修正:
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```bash
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## 修改系统时区
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timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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## 检查系统时间
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date -R
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## 参考输出
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Wed, 20 Jul 2022 16:21:28 +0800
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```
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输出结果如果和北京时间一致,则代表修改正确。
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Debian 系统常用 `systemd-timesyncd.service` 来同步时间,而 PVE 系统使用 `chrony.service` 来同步时间。
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为了使用国内的 NTP 服务器,需要对 `chrony.service` 进行配置。
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执行以下命令对 `chrony` 的配置文件进行修改:
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```bash
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## 编辑 chrony 配置文件
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nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
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```
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在编辑器对话框中,将 `pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst` 这行内容 “注释” 掉,并添加国内的 NTP 服务器,参考如下内容:
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```bash
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## chrony 服务配置文件示例
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# Use Debian vendor zone.
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# pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst ## 在这行前面增加注释符 # 来注释
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# Use Custom vendor zone.
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pool ntp.tencent.com iburst
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pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst
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```
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保存该配置文件后,重启 `chrony` 服务:
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```bash
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## 重启 chrony 服务
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systemctl restart chrony.service
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```
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再检查系统 NTP 服务器是否被正确修改:
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```bash
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## 检查系统 NTP 服务器
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chronyc sources -V
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```
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如果输出以下类似内容,则表示系统 NTP 服务设置正确:
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```bash
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## NTP 服务示例输出
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MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
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===============================================================================
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^+ 139.199.215.251 2 10 177 244 -1669us[-1757us] +/- 67ms
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^* 203.107.6.88 2 10 377 105 -1005us[-1094us] +/- 19ms
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```
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## 2.CPU调度器配置
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安装好 `cpufrequtils` 后,先检查当前 CPU 的调度器:
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
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cpufreq-info
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```
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**设备 CPU - J4125 参考输出** :
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```bash
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## J4125 参考输出
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cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
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Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
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analyzing CPU 0:
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driver: intel_cpufreq
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CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
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CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
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maximum transition latency: 20.0 us.
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hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.70 GHz
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available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance, schedutil
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current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 2.70 GHz.
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The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
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within this range.
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current CPU frequency is 1.84 GHz.
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```
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**设备 CPU - N5105 参考输出** :
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```bash
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## N5105 参考输出
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cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
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Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
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analyzing CPU 0:
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driver: intel_pstate
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CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
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CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
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maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.
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hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.90 GHz
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available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave
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current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 2.90 GHz.
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The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use
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within this range.
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current CPU frequency is 1.36 GHz.
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```
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这里面主要关注两个点:
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- driver: `intel_cpufreq` 或 `intel_pstate`
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- current policy: `governor "ondemand"` 或 `governor "performance"`
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当然还有另外一个命令可以用来显示 CPU 调度器:
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
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cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
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## J4125 参考输出
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ondemand
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## N5105 参考输出
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performance
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```
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驱动一般不建议手动调整,而 `governor` 后面的参数则显示了当前 CPU 的调度器是什么。
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接下来,我们需要了解当前系统 CPU 支持的调度器有哪些:
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```bash
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## 检查 CPU 调度器支持情况
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cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
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## J4125 参考输出
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conservative ondemand userspace powersave performance schedutil
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## N5105 参考输出
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performance powersave
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```
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根据 CPU 所使用的驱动不同,可选调度器也不同,至于每种调度器有什么优劣,欢迎大家深度挖掘。
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CPU 驱动为 `intel_pstate` 时,建议使用 `powersave` 调度器。
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CPU 驱动为 `intel_cpufreq` 时,建议使用 `schedutil` 调度器。
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本文以使用 `powersave` 调度器为演示。
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使用 `vim` 编辑器来编辑 `cpufrequtils` 的配置文件:
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```bash
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## 修改 cpufrequtils 配置文件
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vim /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils
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## 在配置文件中修改调度器
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ENABLE="true"
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GOVERNOR="powersave" ## 修改本行的调度器为 powersave
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MAX_SPEED="0"
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MIN_SPEED="0"
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```
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按 `i` 键进入编辑模式,`esc` 键退出编辑模式,`:wq` 命令保存退出。
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因为该配置文件很长,文章中留下一份已配置好的文件 [pve_cpufrequtils.conf](./src/pve_cpufrequtils.conf) ,以便对比。
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修改完成后,需要重新启动 PVE 服务器来使参数生效。
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PVE 服务器重启完成后记得重新检查当前 CPU 的调度器,看配置文件是否生效。
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这里提供两个命令,分别来实时查看当前 CPU 的频率和内部温度传感器的数值:
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```bash
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## 查看 CPU 当前频率
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watch cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
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## 查看内部温度
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watch sensors
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```
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## 3.PVE定时重启配置
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有时候我们需要让 PVE 服务器周期性的定时重启,则可使用以下命令:
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```bash
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## 编辑系统 crontab
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crontab -e
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## 选择 nano 编辑器,粘贴以下内容并保存
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0 5 1,16 * * /usr/sbin/reboot
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```
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这表示每月 1、16 号的 5 点 0 分执行系统重启命令。
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可以使用以下命令来查看当前系统的计划任务:
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```bash
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## 显示系统 crontab
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crontab -l
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```
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## 4.PVE系统自动更新
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### 4.1.检查系统定时器
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配置系统自动更新之前,先检查当前系统定时器状态:
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```bash
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## 检查系统定时器
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systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 示例输出
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● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer.d
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└─override.conf
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Active: active (waiting) since Sat 2022-07-16 07:03:53 CST; 4 days ago
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Trigger: Thu 2022-07-17 06:52:50 CST; 13h left
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Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
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Jul 16 12:03:53 node01 systemd[1]: Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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```
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我们后续将手动调整该定时器的时间为,每 10 天的凌晨 02:00 进行触发。
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### 4.2.配置自动更新策略
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```bash
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## 配置自动更新策略
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dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
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## 选择 “是” (“YES”)
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## 示例输出
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Creating config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades with new version
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```
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执行命令后,使用“左右”方向键进行选择,“回车”键进行确认。
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然后开始调整 apt 的 `20auto-upgrades` 配置文件:
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```bash
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## 进入 apt 的配置目录
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cd /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
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## 编辑 20auto-upgrades 配置文件
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vim 20auto-upgrades
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## 删除里面全部内容并填写以下内容
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APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
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APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "10";
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APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "1";
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APT::Periodic::CleanInterval "1";
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```
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其中,用来控制 PVE 更新周期的为 `APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade` 这行内容,其中的 “10” 表示更新周期为 “10” 天。
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接下来调整 apt 的 `50unattended-upgrades` 配置文件,所有修改项目汇聚如下:
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```bash
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## 编辑 50unattended-upgrades 配置文件
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vim 50unattended-upgrades
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## 删除以下行前面的注释符 // ,代表启用
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"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-updates";
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## 添加了 PVE 本身的更新项目
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"origin=Proxmox,codename=${distro_codename},label=Proxmox Debian Repository";
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## 删除以下行前面的注释符,代表启用,并调整参数
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Unattended-Upgrade::AutoFixInterruptedDpkg "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Kernel-Packages "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-New-Unused-Dependencies "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true";
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Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "05:00";
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```
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分别表示:
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- 启用了 Debian bullseye-updates 相关更新。
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- 增加并启用 PVE 自有仓库的更新,确保不会遗漏自有仓库的更新内容。
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- 自动修复被打断的Dpkg安装。
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- 自动移除无用的的内核包。
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- 自动移除因更新而出现的无用依赖包。
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- 自动移除以前的无用依赖包。
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- 自动重启:开启。
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- 自动重启时间:05:00。
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因为该配置文件很长,文章中留下一份 PVE 7.2 中已配置好的文件 [pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf](./src/pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf) ,以便对比。
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仔细再仔细确认无误后,`esc` 键退出编辑模式,`:wq` 命令保存退出。
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### 4.3.重设自动更新触发器
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```bash
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## 重设自动更新触发器时间为凌晨 02:00
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systemctl edit apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 根据文件中的提示,在中间空白处填入以下内容
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[Timer]
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OnCalendar=
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OnCalendar=02:00
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RandomizedDelaySec=0
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```
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完整的配置文件可查看 [pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf](./src/pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf),以便对比。
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设置完成后重启自动更新的触发器:
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```bash
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## 重启触发器
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systemctl restart apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 再次检查触发器状态
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systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 参考输出
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● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer.d
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└─override.conf
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Active: active (waiting) since Wed 2022-07-20 17:36:40 CST; 11s ago
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Trigger: Thu 2022-07-21 02:00:00 CST; 8h left
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Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
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Jul 20 17:36:40 node01 systemd[1]: Stopped Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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Jul 20 17:36:40 node01 systemd[1]: Stopping Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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Jul 20 17:36:40 node01 systemd[1]: Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
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```
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至此 PVE 的系统调整已经完成,重启设备后,可以愉快使用了。
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Plug in & Forget :) |