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更新 PVE 制作虚拟机模板
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CallMeR
+55
-71
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@
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```bash
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## 编辑 ssh 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/server_sshd.conf
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$ sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config.d/server_sshd.conf
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```
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在配置文件中添加以下配置项，并保存。
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@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ UseDNS no
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```bash
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## 重启 sshd
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sudo systemctl restart ssh.service
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$ sudo systemctl restart ssh.service
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```
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### 1.2.配置软件源
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@@ -55,27 +55,22 @@ Debian12 云镜像的软件源配置采用了 `DEB822` 格式，新版 `sources.
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```bash
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## 进入系统源配置文件目录
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cd /etc/apt/
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$ cd /etc/apt/
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## 查看镜像配置文件
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cat sources.list
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## 配置文件输出
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$ cat sources.list
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#### 配置文件示例输出
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# See /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
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```
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进一步查看新配置文件 `debian.sources` 的内容，其配置包含 `3` 个部分。
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```bash
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## 查看新版镜像配置文件
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cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
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## 新版配置文件输出 (主体部分)
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$ cat /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
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#### 新版配置文件示例输出 (主体部分)
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Types: deb deb-src
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URIs: mirror+file:///etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list
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Suites: bookworm bookworm-updates bookworm-backports
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@@ -86,22 +81,16 @@ URIs: mirror+file:///etc/apt/mirrors/debian-security.list
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Suites: bookworm-security
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Components: main
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## 查看关联的配置文件
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cat /etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list
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## 关联配置文件输出 (关联部分 1 )
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$ cat /etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list
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#### 关联配置文件示例输出 (关联部分 1 )
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https://deb.debian.org/debian
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## 查看关联的配置文件
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cat /etc/apt/mirrors/debian-security.list
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## 关联配置文件输出 (关联部分 2 )
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$ cat /etc/apt/mirrors/debian-security.list
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#### 关联配置文件示例输出 (关联部分 2 )
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https://deb.debian.org/debian-security
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```
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@@ -116,7 +105,7 @@ https://deb.debian.org/debian-security
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```bash
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## 编辑 debian.sources 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
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$ sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list.d/debian.sources
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```
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删除里面全部内容，添加以下配置项，并保存。
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@@ -140,7 +129,7 @@ Components: main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
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```bash
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## 编辑 debian.list 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list
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$ sudo vim /etc/apt/mirrors/debian.list
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## 替换为 USTC 地址
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@@ -153,7 +142,7 @@ http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian
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```bash
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## 编辑 debian-security.list 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/apt/mirrors/debian-security.list
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$ sudo vim /etc/apt/mirrors/debian-security.list
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## 替换为 USTC 地址
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@@ -168,29 +157,29 @@ http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security
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```bash
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## 清理不必要的包
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sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove --purge
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$ sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove --purge
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## 更新软件源
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sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt update
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## 更新系统
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sudo apt dist-upgrade
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$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
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```
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接下来安装系统必要软件，安装 `iperf3` 后，系统将询问是否将其作为系统服务开机自启，选择 `no` 即可。
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```bash
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## 安装系统软件
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sudo apt install qemu-guest-agent zsh git htop lm-sensors tmux cron nftables sshguard
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$ sudo apt install qemu-guest-agent zsh git htop lm-sensors tmux cron nftables sshguard
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## 安装系统自动更新工具
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sudo apt install unattended-upgrades powermgmt-base python3-gi
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$ sudo apt install unattended-upgrades powermgmt-base python3-gi
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## 安装网络工具
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sudo apt install iperf iperf3 iftop lsof ldnsutils
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$ sudo apt install iperf iperf3 iftop lsof ldnsutils
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## 写入磁盘
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sudo sync
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$ sudo sync
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```
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### 1.4.调整内核参数
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@@ -201,7 +190,7 @@ sudo sync
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```bash
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## 编辑 内核参数 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
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$ sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf
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```
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在配置文件末尾输入以下配置项，注意配置中间的空格。
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@@ -237,7 +226,7 @@ net.ipv6.conf.default.use_tempaddr = 0
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```bash
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## 让内核参数生效
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sudo sysctl -f
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$ sudo sysctl -f
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```
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### 1.5.调整系统时间
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@@ -246,16 +235,13 @@ sudo sysctl -f
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```bash
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## 设置系统时区
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sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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$ sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
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## 检查系统时间
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date -R
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## 参考输出
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$ date -R
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#### 系统时间示例输出
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Mon, 26 Jun 2023 16:16:16 +0800
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```
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Debian 云镜像默认使用 `systemd-timesyncd.service` 同步时间，且需要调整为使用国内 NTP 服务器。
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@@ -264,10 +250,10 @@ Debian 云镜像默认使用 `systemd-timesyncd.service` 同步时间，且需
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```bash
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## 创建 NTP 配置文件的文件夹
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sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d
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$ sudo mkdir /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d
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## 创建 NTP 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d/server_ntp.conf
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$ sudo vim /etc/systemd/timesyncd.conf.d/server_ntp.conf
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```
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在配置文件中添加以下配置项，并保存。
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@@ -284,17 +270,16 @@ NTP=ntp.tencent.com ntp.aliyun.com
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```bash
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## 重启 chrony 服务
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sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service
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$ sudo systemctl restart systemd-timesyncd.service
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## 检查系统 NTP 服务器
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sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd.service
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$ sudo systemctl status systemd-timesyncd.service
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```
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如果输出以下类似内容，则表示系统 NTP 服务设置正确。
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```bash
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## NTP 服务示例输出
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#### NTP 服务示例输出
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● systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/systemd-timesyncd.service; enabled; preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Mon 2023-06-26 16:16:00 CST; 16s ago
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@@ -311,7 +296,6 @@ Jun 26 16:48:00 DNST01 systemd[1]: Starting systemd-timesyncd.service - Network
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Jun 26 16:48:00 DNST01 systemd[1]: Started systemd-timesyncd.service - Network Time Synchronization.
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Jun 26 16:48:00 DNST01 systemd-timesyncd[18829]: Contacted time server 106.55.184.199:123 (ntp.tencent.com).
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Jun 26 16:48:00 DNST01 systemd-timesyncd[18829]: Initial clock synchronization to Mon 2023-06-26 16:16:16.000000 CST.
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```
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### 1.6.配置自动更新
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@@ -322,29 +306,26 @@ Jun 26 16:48:00 DNST01 systemd-timesyncd[18829]: Initial clock synchronization t
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```bash
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## 检查系统定时器
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sudo systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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$ sudo systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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```
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配置系统自动更新策略，执行以下命令，使用键盘 `左右方向键` 进行选择，`回车键` 进行确认。
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```bash
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## 配置自动更新策略
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sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
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$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
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## 选择 “是” （“YES”）
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## 示例输出
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#### 系统自动更新示例输出
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Creating config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades with new version
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```
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接下来调整 apt 的 `20auto-upgrades` 配置文件。
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```bash
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## 编辑 20auto-upgrades 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
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$ sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades
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```
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删除里面全部内容，添加以下配置项，并保存。
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@@ -365,7 +346,7 @@ APT::Periodic::CleanInterval "1";
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```bash
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## 编辑 50unattended-upgrades 配置文件
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sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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$ sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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```
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根据 “注释” 中相关说明，调整配置文件。
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@@ -377,7 +358,6 @@ sudo vim /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades
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"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-updates";
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## 在配置文件末尾增加以下配置项，代表启用，并调整参数
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Unattended-Upgrade::AutoFixInterruptedDpkg "true";
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@@ -398,7 +378,7 @@ Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "04:30";
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```bash
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## 配置系统定时器
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sudo systemctl edit apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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$ sudo systemctl edit apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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```
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根据配置文件中的提示，在中间空白处填入以下配置项。
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@@ -419,10 +399,10 @@ RandomizedDelaySec=0
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```bash
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## 重启触发器
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sudo systemctl restart apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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$ sudo systemctl restart apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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## 再次检查触发器状态
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sudo systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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$ sudo systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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```
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### 1.7.配置定时任务
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@@ -431,13 +411,16 @@ sudo systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
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```bash
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## 查看系统定时任务
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sudo crontab -l
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$ sudo crontab -l
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## 编辑系统定时任务，编辑器选择 nano
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sudo crontab -e
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$ sudo crontab -e
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```
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在配置文件末尾，增加以下配置项。
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## 在配置文件末尾增加以下配置项
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```bash
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## 定时任务配置项
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0 6 8,24 * * /usr/sbin/reboot
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@@ -449,16 +432,17 @@ sudo crontab -e
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```bash
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## 返回 home 目录
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cd
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$ cd
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## 使用 curl 安装 oh-my-zsh
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sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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$ sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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## 或者使用 wget 安装 oh-my-zsh
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sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
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$ sh -c "$(wget https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh -O -)"
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## 询问是否切换默认 shell，输入 Y
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## 示例输出
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#### 示例输出
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Time to change your default shell to zsh:
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Do you want to change your default shell to zsh? [Y/n] y
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```
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@@ -471,19 +455,19 @@ Debian 模板虚拟机已经配置完成，在将其转换为模板前需要对
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```bash
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## 清理系统软件包
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sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove --purge
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$ sudo apt clean && sudo apt autoclean && sudo apt autoremove --purge
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## 清理系统缓存
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sudo rm -rvf /var/cache/apt/* /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/*
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$ sudo rm -rvf /var/cache/apt/* /var/lib/apt/lists/* /tmp/*
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## 清理系统日志
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sudo find /var/log/ -type f | xargs sudo rm -rvf
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$ sudo find /var/log/ -type f | xargs sudo rm -rvf
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## 清理命令历史记录文件
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rm -rvf ~/.bash_history ~/.zsh_history
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$ rm -rvf ~/.bash_history ~/.zsh_history
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## 清理命令历史
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history -c
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$ history -c
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```
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## 2.虚拟机转为模板
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user