diff --git a/04.PVE创建模板虚拟机.md b/04.PVE创建模板虚拟机.md index 936fbf8..b3e8f47 100644 --- a/04.PVE创建模板虚拟机.md +++ b/04.PVE创建模板虚拟机.md @@ -18,45 +18,45 @@ 勾选底部 `高级` 选项,显示完整的配置参数,节点即 “本机” ,`VM ID` 和 `名称` 可自定义。 -![虚拟机名称](img/p04/vm_id.jpeg) +![虚拟机名称](img/p04/vm_id.jpg) ### 1.2.操作系统 -无需使用任何安装介质,客户机操作系统类别选择 `Linux` , 版本选择 `6.x - 2.6 Kernel` 即可。 +无需使用任何安装介质,客户机操作系统类别选择 `Linux` , 版本选择 `7.x - 2.6 Kernel` 即可。 -![虚拟机操作系统](img/p04/vm_os.jpeg) +![虚拟机操作系统](img/p04/vm_os.jpg) ### 1.3.系统 -SCSI 控制器保持默认 `VirtIO SCSI single` ,机型可选 `q35` ,并勾选 `Qemu代理` 选项。 +SCSI 控制器保持默认 `VirtIO SCSI single` ,机型可选 `q35` ,并勾选 `Qemu 代理` 选项。 固件可选 `OVMF (UEFI)` ,并勾选 `添加 TPM` 选项,存储路径需根据实际情况进行调整,演示为 `local-lvm` 。 `预注册密钥` 可启用,启用后将预装特定于发行版和 Microsoft 标准的安全启动密钥。 -![虚拟机系统](img/p04/vm_system.jpeg) +![虚拟机系统](img/p04/vm_system.jpg) ### 1.4.磁盘 因使用 Debian 云镜像制作虚拟机模板,此处需删除所有 `磁盘` 。 -![虚拟机磁盘](img/p04/vm_hd.jpeg) +![虚拟机磁盘](img/p04/vm_hd.jpg) ### 1.5.CPU -CPU `类别` 选择 `host` ,`插槽` 与 `核心` 数根据物理 CPU 核心数进行酌情设置。 +CPU `类型` 选择 `host` ,`插槽` 与 `核心` 数根据物理 CPU 核心数进行酌情设置。 -若 PVE 服务器内有多颗物理 CPU ,则推荐勾选 `启用NUMA` 选项。 +若 PVE 服务器内有多颗物理 CPU ,则推荐勾选 `启用 NUMA` 选项。 -![虚拟机CPU](img/p04/vm_cpu.jpeg) +![虚拟机CPU](img/p04/vm_cpu.jpg) ### 1.6.内存 -内存一般 `2G` 足够使用,取消勾选 `Ballooning设备` 。 +内存一般 `2G` 足够使用,取消勾选 `Ballooning 设备` 。 -对于 `Kernel Samepage Merging (KSM)` 内核同页合并功能,建议保留勾选状态。 +对于 `允许 KSM` 内核同页合并功能,建议保留勾选状态。 -![虚拟机内存](img/p04/vm_mem.jpeg) +![虚拟机内存](img/p04/vm_mem.jpg) ### 1.7.网络 @@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ CPU `类别` 选择 `host` ,`插槽` 与 `核心` 数根据物理 CPU 核心 因在 [02.PVE初始化配置](./02.PVE初始化配置.md) 中曾创建未桥接物理网口的内部网桥,故可根据实际需求选择是否使用纯内部网桥作为该参数值。 -![虚拟机网口](img/p04/vm_network_port.jpeg) +![虚拟机网口](img/p04/vm_network_port.jpg) 多数情况下,无需使用 PVE 内建防火墙,因此 **取消勾选** 网络设备的 `防火墙` 选项。 @@ -72,13 +72,13 @@ CPU `类别` 选择 `host` ,`插槽` 与 `核心` 数根据物理 CPU 核心 即有 n 个 CPU 核心,此处多队列也设置为 n 。 -![虚拟机网卡多队列](img/p04/vm_network_queue.jpeg) +![虚拟机网卡多队列](img/p04/vm_network_queue.jpg) ### 1.8.确认 接下来查看设置总览,确认无误后即可点击 `完成` 。 -![虚拟机确认](img/p04/vm_confirm.jpeg) +![虚拟机确认](img/p04/vm_confirm.jpg) ## 2.调整硬件参数 @@ -86,9 +86,33 @@ CPU `类别` 选择 `host` ,`插槽` 与 `核心` 数根据物理 CPU 核心 查看虚拟机详情页,在虚拟机 `硬件` 配置页面,移除其 `CD/DVD驱动器` 。 -![虚拟机删除光驱](img/p04/vm_delete_cd.jpeg) +![虚拟机删除光驱](img/p04/vm_delete_cd.jpg) -### 2.2.导入镜像文件 +### 2.2.添加 VirtIO RNG + +为确保系统拥有充足的可用熵,需为模板虚拟机添加 `VirtIO RNG` 熵源。 + +点击顶部 `新增` 菜单,选择 `VirtIO RNG` 。 + +![虚拟机添加RNG](img/p04/vm_rng.jpg) + +`熵源` 选择 `/dev/urandom` ,其余参数保持默认即可。 + +![虚拟机RNG参数](img/p04/vm_rng_details.jpg) + +### 2.3.添加串行端口 + +在基于 Debian Cloud Image 创建 VM 时,须在虚拟机硬件列表中添加 `串行端口` 设备 `serial0` 。 + +补全串口硬件可避免系统因缺失 `/dev/ttyS0` 而无限循环报 `agetty` 输入/输出错误,同时可启用 PVE 的 `xterm.js` 控制台(支持原生复制粘贴)。 + +![虚拟机添加串行端口](img/p04/vm_serial.jpg) + +`串行端口` 设置为 `0` 即可。 + +![虚拟机RNG参数](img/p04/vm_serial_details.jpg) + +### 2.4.导入镜像文件 使用终端工具登录 PVE 服务器,并进入 `/tmp` 目录,执行以下命令创建一个目录。 @@ -131,17 +155,17 @@ unused0: successfully imported disk 'local-lvm:vm-1001-disk-2' 磁盘导入成功后,虚拟机硬件列表中将显示一块未使用的磁盘设备,可鼠标 **双击** 该设备进行配置调整。 -![虚拟机新磁盘](img/p04/vm_unused_hd.jpeg) +![虚拟机新磁盘](img/p04/vm_unused_hd.jpg) 当宿主机使用 SSD 作为物理存储设备,并且虚拟磁盘采用 Thin Provisioning (精简置备)模式时,可考虑开启以下选项: -- `Discard` ( `丢弃` ) 选项,有助于存储空间回收。 +- `丢弃` ( `Discard` ) 选项,有助于存储空间回收。 -- `SSD Emulation` ( `SSD 仿真` ) 选项,让虚拟机将虚拟磁盘视为 SSD 存储设备。 +- `SSD 仿真` ( `SSD Emulation` ) 选项,让虚拟机将虚拟磁盘视为 SSD 存储设备。 -在弹出的对话框中,确认 `IO thread` 选项为 **勾选** 状态,并点击 `添加` 。 +在弹出的对话框中,确认 `IO thread` 选项为 **勾选** 状态,并点击 `新增` 。 -![虚拟机使用该磁盘](img/p04/vm_enable_hd.jpeg) +![虚拟机使用该磁盘](img/p04/vm_enable_hd.jpg) 导入的镜像仅具备 `3G` 磁盘空间,为方便后续使用,可通过 `qm` 命令直接将该磁盘调整至目标容量。 @@ -156,39 +180,27 @@ $ qm disk resize 1001 scsi0 24G 或鼠标 **单击** 选中该磁盘,选择页面顶部 `磁盘操作` 菜单的子菜单 `调整大小` 。 -![虚拟机磁盘扩容](img/p04/vm_hd_resize.jpeg) +![虚拟机磁盘扩容](img/p04/vm_hd_resize.jpg) 在弹出的对话框中,给该磁盘增加 `21G` 磁盘空间。 -![虚拟机磁盘增加18G](img/p04/vm_hd_scale_up.jpeg) +![虚拟机磁盘增加18G](img/p04/vm_hd_scale_up.jpg) -### 2.3.添加 CloudInit +### 2.5.添加 CloudInit 为确保 Cloud-Init 能正常初始化系统,需为模板虚拟机添加 `CloudInit 设备` 。 -点击顶部 `添加` 菜单,选择 `CloudInit 设备` 。 +同样通过 `新增` 菜单,选择 `CloudInit 设备` 。 -![虚拟机添加ci](img/p04/vm_cloudinit.jpeg) +![虚拟机添加ci](img/p04/vm_cloudinit.jpg) `总线/设备` 选择 `SCSI` ,编号为 `1` ,存储路径需根据实际情况进行调整,演示为 `local-lvm` 。 -![虚拟机ci参数](img/p04/vm_ci_details.jpeg) - -### 2.4.添加 VirtIO RNG - -为确保系统拥有充足的可用熵,需为模板虚拟机添加 `VirtIO RNG` 熵源。 - -点击顶部 `添加` 菜单,选择 `VirtIO RNG` 。 - -![虚拟机添加RNG](img/p04/vm_rng.jpeg) - -`熵源` 选择 `/dev/urandom` ,其余参数保持默认即可。 - -![虚拟机RNG参数](img/p04/vm_rng_details.jpeg) +![虚拟机ci参数](img/p04/vm_ci_details.jpg) 虚拟机硬件设备修改完成后,如下图所示。 -![虚拟机全部硬件](img/p04/vm_hardware_all.jpeg) +![虚拟机全部硬件](img/p04/vm_hardware_all.jpg) ## 3.调整配置参数 @@ -208,15 +220,15 @@ $ qm disk resize 1001 scsi0 24G 鼠标 **双击** `引导顺序` 选项,进入编辑界面。 -在 `scsi0` 设备处勾选 “已启用” 复选框,并通过排序功能将其拖拽至首位,点击 `OK` 即可。 +在 `scsi0` 设备处勾选 “已启用” 复选框,并通过排序功能将其拖拽至首位,点击 `确定` 即可。 -![虚拟机引导顺序](img/p04/vm_boot.jpeg) +![虚拟机引导顺序](img/p04/vm_boot.jpg) ### 3.2.设置平板指针 关闭 `使用平板指针` 选项,可以一定程度上降低虚拟机的 CPU 使用率。 -![虚拟机平板指针](img/p04/vm_tablet.jpeg) +![虚拟机平板指针](img/p04/vm_tablet.jpg) ## 4.设置 Cloud-Init diff --git a/img/p04/vm_boot.jpeg b/img/p04/vm_boot.jpeg deleted file mode 100644 index 759d23c..0000000 Binary files a/img/p04/vm_boot.jpeg and 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