httpd: reuse the slot of a valid cookie, end sessions on passwd

Review feedback on #560 (DrDoof):

- A login that came with a cookie that is still valid took a second
  slot. The first one looked fresh, so the next login could push out
  someone who is using the switch. The slot of the cookie now gets the
  new id.
- Changing the password leaves no old login valid: session_init() from
  parse_passwd(). With one session the next login pushed a leftover one
  out, with several it would stay valid until the next restart.
- The 32-bit comparison of the last use times moves into a leaf function,
  so the compiler does not give it a 4-byte scratch in internal RAM.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

cmd_parser.c

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@
 #include "sfp.h"
 #include "dhcp.h"
 #include "syslog.h"
+#include "sessions.h"
 #include "dns.h"
 #include "ntp.h"
 #include "uip/uip.h"
@@ -1479,6 +1480,9 @@ void parse_passwd(void)
 			passwd[j++] = c;
 		} while (c != NUL && j < 20);
 		passwd[j] = NUL;
+		/* Logins made with the old password end here. With one session the next
+		 * login pushed a leftover one out; with several it would stay valid. */
+		session_init();
 		return;
 	}
 	cmd_error("Missing password\n");

sessions.c

@@ -30,6 +30,9 @@ __xdata char session_id[SESSIONS][SESSION_ID_LENGTH + 1];
 __xdata uint32_t last_session_use[SESSIONS];
 
 static __xdata uint8_t ss_slot, ss_i, ss_oldest, ss_c;
+/* The slot whose cookie the last request came with; only meaningful while
+ * authenticated is set, which only session_check() does */
+static __xdata uint8_t ss_hit;
 
 static __code const char ss_hex[] = "0123456789abcdef";
 /* What may follow a cookie value: ';' separates cookies in a Cookie header */
@@ -44,6 +47,14 @@ static uint8_t ss_stale(void)
 	return 0;
 }
 
+/* Likewise a leaf: the 32-bit comparison needs no stack of its own this way */
+static uint8_t ss_older(void)
+{
+	if (last_session_use[ss_slot] < last_session_use[ss_oldest])
+		return 1;
+	return 0;
+}
+
 /* Whether the cookie value is the id of slot ss_slot */
 static uint8_t ss_match(void)
 {
@@ -76,6 +87,7 @@ void session_check(void) __banked
 			session_id[ss_slot][0] = NUL;
 		} else if (ss_match()) {
 			authenticated = 1;
+			ss_hit = ss_slot;
 			last_session_use[ss_slot] = now;
 			return;
 		}
@@ -84,16 +96,23 @@ void session_check(void) __banked
 
 void session_new(void) __banked
 {
+	if (authenticated && session_id[ss_hit][0]) {
+		/* The login came with a cookie that is still valid: its slot gets the
+		 * new id. A second slot for the same browser would leave the old one
+		 * looking fresh and push out someone else at the next login. */
+		ss_slot = ss_hit;
+	} else {
 		/* A free or expired slot, else the least recently used */
 		ss_oldest = 0;
 		for (ss_slot = 0; ss_slot < SESSIONS; ss_slot++) {
 			if (!session_id[ss_slot][0] || ss_stale())
 				break;
-		if (last_session_use[ss_slot] < last_session_use[ss_oldest])
+			if (ss_older())
 				ss_oldest = ss_slot;
 		}
 		if (ss_slot == SESSIONS)
 			ss_slot = ss_oldest;
+	}
 
 	last_session_use[ss_slot] = now;
 	for (ss_i = 0; ss_i < SESSION_ID_LENGTH; ss_i++) {

test/test_httpd_tx.c

@@ -144,7 +144,8 @@ void clear_command_history(void) { }
 void udp_callbacks(void) { }
 void tcpip_output(void) { }
 void get_random_32(void) { }
-void read_reg_timer(uint32_t *tmr) { *tmr = 0; }
+static uint32_t fake_now;
+void read_reg_timer(uint32_t *tmr) { *tmr = fake_now; }
 
 /* uip-conf.h asks uIP not to define the packet buffer: on the switch it lives
  * at a fixed XDATA address, so the bench provides the storage itself. */
@@ -193,9 +194,9 @@ void send_lldp(void) {}
 
 extern uint8_t authenticated;
 extern char session_id[];
+extern uint32_t last_session_use[];
 extern char passwd[21];
 extern uint16_t session_timeout;
-extern uint32_t last_session_use;
 
 /* uip.c defines the listen table but no header declares it; the bench reads it
  * to confirm the port httpd_init() asked for is the one uIP is watching. */
@@ -879,6 +880,77 @@ static void scenario_split_get_header_terminator(void)
 	      "fragmented GET terminator: CRLFCRLF may span receive events");
 }
 
+/* The sessions of the login tests below: four in use, slot 1 the least recently used */
+#define ID_STRIDE	13	/* SESSION_ID_LENGTH + 1 */
+
+static const char *slot_id(int i)
+{
+	return session_id + i * ID_STRIDE;
+}
+
+static void fill_sessions(void)
+{
+	static const char *const ids[4] = { "0123456789ab", "aaaaaaaaaaaa", "bbbbbbbbbbbb", "cccccccccccc" };
+	static const uint32_t used[4] = { 50, 10, 60, 70 };
+
+	fake_now = 100;
+	for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+		strcpy(session_id + i * ID_STRIDE, ids[i]);
+		last_session_use[i] = used[i];
+	}
+}
+
+static int others_kept(int first, int second, int third)
+{
+	static const char *const ids[4] = { "0123456789ab", "aaaaaaaaaaaa", "bbbbbbbbbbbb", "cccccccccccc" };
+
+	return !strcmp(slot_id(first), ids[first]) && !strcmp(slot_id(second), ids[second]) &&
+	       !strcmp(slot_id(third), ids[third]);
+}
+
+static void scenario_login_with_valid_cookie_reuses_its_slot(void)
+{
+	static const char post[] =
+		"POST /login HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+		"Cookie: session=0123456789ab\r\n"
+		"Content-Length: 8\r\n"
+		"Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"
+		"\r\n"
+		"pwd=1234";
+
+	login_session_start();
+	fill_sessions();
+	client_send(TCP_ACK | TCP_PSH, post, (int)strlen(post));
+	CHECK(stream_contains("Location: index.html\r\n"),
+	      "login with a valid cookie: accepted");
+	CHECK(strcmp(slot_id(0), "0123456789ab") != 0,
+	      "login with a valid cookie: its own slot gets the new id");
+	CHECK(others_kept(1, 2, 3),
+	      "login with a valid cookie: nobody else is pushed out");
+	fake_now = 0;
+}
+
+static void scenario_login_without_cookie_replaces_least_recently_used(void)
+{
+	static const char post[] =
+		"POST /login HTTP/1.1\r\n"
+		"Content-Length: 8\r\n"
+		"Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n"
+		"\r\n"
+		"pwd=1234";
+
+	login_session_start();
+	fill_sessions();
+	client_send(TCP_ACK | TCP_PSH, post, (int)strlen(post));
+	CHECK(stream_contains("Location: index.html\r\n"),
+	      "login without a cookie: accepted");
+	CHECK(strcmp(slot_id(1), "aaaaaaaaaaaa") != 0,
+	      "login without a cookie: the least recently used slot is taken");
+	CHECK(others_kept(0, 2, 3),
+	      "login without a cookie: the other three stay");
+	fake_now = 0;
+}
+
 static void scenario_fragmented_get_without_cookie(void)
 {
 	static const char first[] =
@@ -1043,7 +1115,7 @@ static void scenario_upload(const char *name, const char *part_type, int split)
 	session_start(MSS_FULL);
 	strcpy(session_id, "0123456789ab");
 	session_timeout = 200;
-	last_session_use = 0; /* read_reg_timer() returns zero in this bench. */
+	last_session_use[0] = 0; /* read_reg_timer() returns zero in this bench. */
 	flash_size = 0x100000;
 	flash_written_len = 0;
 	flash_write_bad = 0;
@@ -1116,6 +1188,9 @@ int main(int argc, char **argv)
 	scenario_upload("MacBinary, split part terminator", "Content-Type: application/macbinary\r\n", 1);
 	scenario_upload("no part Content-Type", "", 0);
 
+	scenario_login_with_valid_cookie_reuses_its_slot();
+	scenario_login_without_cookie_replaces_least_recently_used();
+
 	printf("\n%s (%d failure%s)\n",
 	       failures ? "BENCH: FAILURES" : "BENCH: ALL PASS",
 	       failures, failures == 1 ? "" : "s");