Archived
文档结构整理
This commit is contained in:
狐狸Nomad
+370
@@ -0,0 +1,370 @@
|
||||
## 0.必要条件
|
||||
|
||||
在上一篇文章 [02.PVE初始化配置](./02.PVE初始化配置.md) 中，我们已经初始化了 PVE 系统，接下来需要对 PVE 系统进一步调整。
|
||||
|
||||
在 PVE 系统调整之前，请确保必要的软件包已经安装完成。
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 同步镜像仓库
|
||||
apt update
|
||||
|
||||
## 安装系统软件
|
||||
apt install htop lm-sensors unzip vim tmux unattended-upgrades apt-listchanges powermgmt-base
|
||||
|
||||
## 安装网络工具
|
||||
apt install iperf iperf3 iftop ethtool
|
||||
|
||||
## 安装CPU调度调整工具
|
||||
apt install cpufrequtils
|
||||
|
||||
## 根据CPU厂商安装CPU微码工具
|
||||
apt install intel-microcode (amd64-microcode)
|
||||
|
||||
## 更新 PCI 数据库
|
||||
update-pciids
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
本文后续命令，均在 SSH 终端下完成。
|
||||
|
||||
## 1.系统时区配置
|
||||
|
||||
如果在安装 PVE 系统时选错了时区，导致系统时间和北京时间不一致，可以使用以下命令修正：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 修改系统时区
|
||||
timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
|
||||
|
||||
## 检查系统时间
|
||||
date -R
|
||||
|
||||
## 参考输出
|
||||
Wed, 20 Jul 2022 16:21:28 +0800
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输出结果如果和北京时间一致，则代表修改正确。
|
||||
|
||||
Debian 系统常用 `systemd-timesyncd.service` 来同步时间，而 PVE 系统使用 `chrony.service` 来同步时间。
|
||||
|
||||
为了使用国内的 NTP 服务器，需要对 `chrony.service` 进行配置。
|
||||
|
||||
执行以下命令对 `chrony` 的配置文件进行修改：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 编辑 chrony 配置文件
|
||||
nano /etc/chrony/chrony.conf
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在编辑器对话框中，将 `pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst` 这行内容 “注释” 掉，并添加国内的 NTP 服务器，参考如下内容：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## chrony 服务配置文件示例
|
||||
|
||||
# Use Debian vendor zone.
|
||||
# pool 2.debian.pool.ntp.org iburst ## 在这行前面增加注释符 # 来注释
|
||||
|
||||
# Use Custom vendor zone.
|
||||
pool ntp.tencent.com iburst
|
||||
pool ntp.aliyun.com iburst
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
保存该配置文件后，重启 `chrony` 服务：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 重启 chrony 服务
|
||||
systemctl restart chrony.service
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
再检查系统 NTP 服务器是否被正确修改：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 检查系统 NTP 服务器
|
||||
chronyc sources -V
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果输出以下类似内容，则表示系统 NTP 服务设置正确：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## NTP 服务示例输出
|
||||
|
||||
MS Name/IP address Stratum Poll Reach LastRx Last sample
|
||||
===============================================================================
|
||||
^+ 139.199.215.251 2 10 177 244 -1669us[-1757us] +/- 67ms
|
||||
^* 203.107.6.88 2 10 377 105 -1005us[-1094us] +/- 19ms
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 2.CPU调度器配置
|
||||
|
||||
安装好 `cpufrequtils` 后，先检查当前 CPU 的调度器：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
|
||||
cpufreq-info
|
||||
```
|
||||
**设备 CPU - J4125 参考输出** ：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## J4125 参考输出
|
||||
cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
|
||||
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
|
||||
analyzing CPU 0:
|
||||
driver: intel_cpufreq
|
||||
CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
|
||||
CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
|
||||
maximum transition latency: 20.0 us.
|
||||
hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.70 GHz
|
||||
available cpufreq governors: conservative, ondemand, userspace, powersave, performance, schedutil
|
||||
current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 2.70 GHz.
|
||||
The governor "ondemand" may decide which speed to use
|
||||
within this range.
|
||||
current CPU frequency is 1.84 GHz.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**设备 CPU - N5105 参考输出** ：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## N5105 参考输出
|
||||
cpufrequtils 008: cpufreq-info (C) Dominik Brodowski 2004-2009
|
||||
Report errors and bugs to cpufreq@vger.kernel.org, please.
|
||||
analyzing CPU 0:
|
||||
driver: intel_pstate
|
||||
CPUs which run at the same hardware frequency: 0
|
||||
CPUs which need to have their frequency coordinated by software: 0
|
||||
maximum transition latency: 4294.55 ms.
|
||||
hardware limits: 800 MHz - 2.90 GHz
|
||||
available cpufreq governors: performance, powersave
|
||||
current policy: frequency should be within 800 MHz and 2.90 GHz.
|
||||
The governor "performance" may decide which speed to use
|
||||
within this range.
|
||||
current CPU frequency is 1.36 GHz.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这里面主要关注两个点：
|
||||
- driver: `intel_cpufreq` 或 `intel_pstate`
|
||||
- current policy: `governor "ondemand"` 或 `governor "performance"`
|
||||
|
||||
当然还有另外一个命令可以用来显示 CPU 调度器：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 检查 CPU 当前调度器
|
||||
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_governor
|
||||
|
||||
## J4125 参考输出
|
||||
ondemand
|
||||
|
||||
## N5105 参考输出
|
||||
performance
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
驱动一般不建议手动调整，而 `governor` 后面的参数则显示了当前 CPU 的调度器是什么。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，我们需要了解当前系统 CPU 支持的调度器有哪些：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 检查 CPU 调度器支持情况
|
||||
cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_available_governors
|
||||
|
||||
## J4125 参考输出
|
||||
conservative ondemand userspace powersave performance schedutil
|
||||
|
||||
## N5105 参考输出
|
||||
performance powersave
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
根据 CPU 所使用的驱动不同，可选调度器也不同，至于每种调度器有什么优劣，欢迎大家深度挖掘。
|
||||
|
||||
CPU 驱动为 `intel_pstate` 时，建议使用 `powersave` 调度器。
|
||||
|
||||
CPU 驱动为 `intel_cpufreq` 时，建议使用 `schedutil` 调度器。
|
||||
|
||||
本文以使用 `powersave` 调度器为演示。
|
||||
|
||||
使用 `vim` 编辑器来编辑 `cpufrequtils` 的配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 修改 cpufrequtils 配置文件
|
||||
vim /etc/init.d/cpufrequtils
|
||||
|
||||
## 在配置文件中修改调度器
|
||||
|
||||
ENABLE="true"
|
||||
GOVERNOR="powersave" ## 修改本行的调度器为 powersave
|
||||
MAX_SPEED="0"
|
||||
MIN_SPEED="0"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
按 `i` 键进入编辑模式，`esc` 键退出编辑模式，`:wq` 命令保存退出。
|
||||
|
||||
因为该配置文件很长，文章中留下一份已配置好的文件 [pve_cpufrequtils.conf](./src/pve_cpufrequtils.conf) ，以便对比。
|
||||
|
||||
修改完成后，需要重新启动 PVE 服务器来使参数生效。
|
||||
|
||||
PVE 服务器重启完成后记得重新检查当前 CPU 的调度器，看配置文件是否生效。
|
||||
|
||||
这里提供两个命令，分别来实时查看当前 CPU 的频率和内部温度传感器的数值：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 查看 CPU 当前频率
|
||||
watch cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu[0-9]*/cpufreq/scaling_cur_freq
|
||||
|
||||
## 查看内部温度
|
||||
watch sensors
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 3.PVE定时重启配置
|
||||
|
||||
有时候我们需要让 PVE 服务器周期性的定时重启，则可使用以下命令：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 编辑系统 crontab
|
||||
crontab -e
|
||||
|
||||
## 选择 nano 编辑器，粘贴以下内容并保存
|
||||
0 5 1,16 * * /usr/sbin/reboot
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这表示每月 1、16 号的 5 点 0 分执行系统重启命令。
|
||||
|
||||
可以使用以下命令来查看当前系统的计划任务：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 显示系统 crontab
|
||||
crontab -l
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## 4.PVE系统自动更新
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.1.检查系统定时器
|
||||
|
||||
配置系统自动更新之前，先检查当前系统定时器状态：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 检查系统定时器
|
||||
systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
|
||||
|
||||
## 示例输出
|
||||
● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
|
||||
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
||||
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer.d
|
||||
└─override.conf
|
||||
Active: active (waiting) since Sat 2022-07-16 07:03:53 CST; 4 days ago
|
||||
Trigger: Thu 2022-07-17 06:52:50 CST; 13h left
|
||||
Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
|
||||
|
||||
Jul 16 12:03:53 hyper systemd[1]: Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我们后续将手动调整该定时器的时间为，每 10 天的凌晨 02:00 进行触发。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.2.配置自动更新策略
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 配置自动更新策略
|
||||
dpkg-reconfigure -plow unattended-upgrades
|
||||
|
||||
## 选择 “是” （“YES”）
|
||||
## 示例输出
|
||||
Creating config file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/20auto-upgrades with new version
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
执行命令后，使用“左右”方向键进行选择，“回车”键进行确认。
|
||||
|
||||
然后开始调整 apt 的 `20auto-upgrades` 配置文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 进入 apt 的配置目录
|
||||
cd /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
|
||||
|
||||
## 编辑 20auto-upgrades 配置文件
|
||||
vim 20auto-upgrades
|
||||
|
||||
## 删除里面全部内容并填写以下内容
|
||||
APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
|
||||
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "10";
|
||||
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "1";
|
||||
APT::Periodic::CleanInterval "1";
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
其中，用来控制 PVE 更新周期的为 `APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade` 这行内容，其中的 “10” 表示更新周期为 “10” 天。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来调整 apt 的 `50unattended-upgrades` 配置文件，所有修改项目汇聚如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 编辑 50unattended-upgrades 配置文件
|
||||
vim 50unattended-upgrades
|
||||
|
||||
## 删除以下行前面的注释符 // ，代表启用
|
||||
"origin=Debian,codename=${distro_codename}-updates";
|
||||
|
||||
## 添加了 PVE 本身的更新项目
|
||||
"origin=Proxmox,codename=${distro_codename},label=Proxmox Debian Repository";
|
||||
|
||||
## 删除以下行前面的注释符，代表启用，并调整参数
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::AutoFixInterruptedDpkg "true";
|
||||
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Kernel-Packages "true";
|
||||
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-New-Unused-Dependencies "true";
|
||||
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true";
|
||||
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "true";
|
||||
|
||||
Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot-Time "05:00";
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
分别表示：
|
||||
- 启用了 Debian bullseye-updates 相关更新。
|
||||
- 增加并启用 PVE 自有仓库的更新，确保不会遗漏自有仓库的更新内容。
|
||||
- 自动修复被打断的Dpkg安装。
|
||||
- 自动移除无用的的内核包。
|
||||
- 自动移除因更新而出现的无用依赖包。
|
||||
- 自动移除以前的无用依赖包。
|
||||
- 自动重启：开启。
|
||||
- 自动重启时间：05:00。
|
||||
|
||||
因为该配置文件很长，文章中留下一份 PVE 7.2 中已配置好的文件 [pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf](./src/pve_50unattended_upgrades.conf) ，以便对比。
|
||||
|
||||
仔细再仔细确认无误后，`esc` 键退出编辑模式，`:wq` 命令保存退出。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4.3.重设自动更新触发器
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 重设自动更新触发器时间为凌晨 02:00
|
||||
systemctl edit apt-daily-upgrade.timer
|
||||
|
||||
## 根据文件中的提示，在中间空白处填入以下内容
|
||||
[Timer]
|
||||
OnCalendar=
|
||||
OnCalendar=02:00
|
||||
RandomizedDelaySec=0
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
完整的配置文件可查看 [pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf](./src/pve_apt_daily_upgrade.conf)，以便对比。
|
||||
|
||||
设置完成后重启自动更新的触发器：
|
||||
|
||||
```bash
|
||||
## 重启触发器
|
||||
systemctl restart apt-daily-upgrade.timer
|
||||
|
||||
## 再次检查触发器状态
|
||||
systemctl status apt-daily-upgrade.timer
|
||||
|
||||
## 参考输出
|
||||
● apt-daily-upgrade.timer - Daily apt upgrade and clean activities
|
||||
Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
||||
Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/apt-daily-upgrade.timer.d
|
||||
└─override.conf
|
||||
Active: active (waiting) since Wed 2022-07-20 17:36:40 CST; 11s ago
|
||||
Trigger: Thu 2022-07-21 02:00:00 CST; 8h left
|
||||
Triggers: ● apt-daily-upgrade.service
|
||||
|
||||
Jul 20 17:36:40 hyper systemd[1]: Stopped Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
|
||||
Jul 20 17:36:40 hyper systemd[1]: Stopping Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
|
||||
Jul 20 17:36:40 hyper systemd[1]: Started Daily apt upgrade and clean activities.
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
至此 PVE 的系统调整已经完成，重启设备后，可以愉快使用了。
|
||||
|
||||
Plug in & Forget :)
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user